Zia-e-Tahqeeq is an inter-disciplinary; bi-annual; tri-lingual (Urdu, English, and Arabic) research Journal published by the department of Islamic Studies, Government College University Faisalabad since 2011.The journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that serves as a forum for disseminating research findings on issues relating to Islam and Islamic Sciences. Journal Full Name: Zia-e-Tahqeeq pISSN: 2225-613X eISSN: 2709-1147 Frequency: Bi-Annual Nature: Print & Online Submission E-mail: ziaetahqeeq@gcuf.edu.pk Language of Publication: English, Arabic, Urdu. Accreditation: Recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan in “Y” category Published by: Department of Islamic Studies, Gonernment College University, Faisalabad.
Department of Islamic Studies, Government College University, Faisalabad
‘ABD AL-HAQQ MUHADDITH DEHLAVI’S METHOD IN HADITH STUDIES: A STUDY OF COMENTORIES ON MISHKAAT AL-MASABIH
This paper aims to study Shaykh Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi’s understanding of Hadith literature and the methods he applied to elaborate the Prophetic traditions in his two famous commentaries of Mishkaat al-Masaabih of Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allah al-Khteeb al-Tabrayzi. Dehlavi is considered one the most significant traditionists of the Subcontinent. He composed Ash‘iat al-Lamaat in Persian while Tanqih alLam‘aat in Arabic; both commentaries received wider acceptance by Muslim scholars and have always been in circulation. After briefly introducing these commentaries, a meticulous effort has been made to identify the method and scheme employed to decipher the intricacies of the text. It has been observed that Dehlavi’s legal approach is mainly based on Hanafi jurisprudence, through which he explicates the legal issues and theologically he advocates Ash‘ari-Maaturidi theology. This paper helps the reader appreciate Dehlavi’s contribution in the field of hadith studies and his method of interpretation of hadith.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Abdullah Umar, Prof. Dr. Ghulam Shams ur Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
دور حـروف الـمعانی فی استنباط الأحكام من القرآن الكریم
The article studies the role of letters in deducing the rulings from the Noble Quran. The Holy Quran lies in its worth as the Words of Allah who says in the Holy Quran, "Verily this Quran guides towards the straight path"; and it is not possible to get the guidance without understanding its commandments. The Holy Quran was revealed in the Arabic language as the Arabs who were its first audience. Therefore, to understand its commandments and to attain its guidance, it is indispensable to learn the Arabic language with its rhetoric. The Islamic jurists differed from one another in the interpretation and exegesis of the Quran due to the rich rhetoric and the wide linguistic diversity of the Arabic language and not due to their inclinations or mindsets, developed within the circles of particular schools of thought. The differences in the interpretations of the Quranic commandments are found frequently in the Islamic jurists and the scholars of the exegesis due to the rich linguistic rhetoric of the Arabic language. Hence, it proves that in the derivation of the Quranic laws, the role of the Arabic language can not be ignored.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Mufti Muhammad Saleem, Dr. Daud Abdul Qadir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATING THE METAVERSE INTO QURANIC STUDIES (INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES)
An exciting new area of education is presented by the fusion of traditional religious scholarship with cutting-edge digital technologies. This study looks at how Quranic Studies can use the Metaverse, a collective virtual shared space that combines virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other immersive technologies. By providing immersive, interactive experiences that improve comprehension, retention, and engagement with the sacred text, the study seeks to explore how these technologies can revolutionise Quranic education. The study's main research questions centre on the novel possibilities and difficulties that come with incorporating the Metaverse into Quranic teaching. On the one hand, by offering students worldwide collaborative environments, the spetialization of theological concepts, and virtual reconstructions of historical contexts, the Metaverse presents revolutionary possibilities for Quranic education. By removing boundaries of time, location, and cultural background, these innovations have the potential to democratize access to Quranic education. However, there are serious questions regarding the protection of Islamic teachings, authenticity, and scholarly integrity brought up by this technological integration. The study will discuss the ethical ramifications of digitizing religious content, such as the difficulties in preserving religious sanctity and interpretative accuracy in virtual settings. The study will also look into the social, cultural, and technological obstacles preventing the broad use of Metaverse-based teaching resources in Islamic classrooms. To create a conceptual framework for the moral application of Metaverse technologies in Quranic Studies, this study will combine Islamic scholarship, educational theory, and technological innovation using an interdisciplinary approach. When negotiating the nexus between religious education and new digital technologies, educators, legislators, and academics will use this framework as a guide. The results of this study will advance practical methods for incorporating immersive learning technologies into Quranic scholarship as well as the scholarly conversation on digital education in religious studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Faizan Hassan Javed, Dr. Muddassir Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
خلافت راشدہ کے مالیاتی نظام میں مال فئے اور اس کی عصری معنویت
The period of the Rashidun Caliphate (11–40 AH / 632–661 CE) represents the golden era of Islamic governance, where economic justice, social welfare, and moral integrity were harmoniously integrated into state administration. Among the key sources of public revenue during this era was Māl al-Fay’ (wealth acquired without armed conflict) a unique economic institution rooted in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. It was institutionalized to ensure the collective benefit of the Muslim community. This system not only reinforced the concept of social justice but also established a sustainable model of wealth distribution free from exploitation and concentration of wealth. The study of Māl al-Fay’ as an economic source during the Rashidun period, therefore, provides valuable insights into developing a balanced, ethical, and welfare-oriented economic framework in the modern age.
Copyright (c) 2025 Atta ur Rehman Saddiqi, Dr Manzoor Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
قصصِ حدیث سے مستنبط احکام ومسائل کا فکری و فقہی تجزیہ
The intellectual and jurisprudential analysis of laws and issues derived from Prophetic narratives is a significant topic in Islamic studies, aiming to understand the principles, rulings, and guidance extracted from the life events of Prophets (peace be upon them) and their Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). This article examines the intellectual and jurisprudential insights drawn from these narratives in a contemporary context, highlighting their practical application and relevance in addressing modern challenges. It emphasises that these rulings are not merely religious principles but also offer comprehensive guidance for various aspects of human life, including ethics, justice, social conduct, and legal frameworks. This study seeks to elucidate the wisdom behind these rulings and endeavours to provide a comprehensive framework for their effective implementation in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danish Bukhari, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Siddique (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
پاکستان میں شعائر اللہ کا تقدس و احترام : قانونی و سماجی مطالعہ
Every nation and community have its own distinct identity, which allows others to recognize its religious or ethnic affiliation. Just as different institutions, such as military or educational bodies, are identified by their uniforms, Islam also has its own refined and well-organized identity expressed through its beautiful and meaningful symbols. Its follower’s worship in a particular way and adopt a characteristic style of life. In Islamic terminology, these defining elements are known as the Shaʿa’ir of Islam the visible signs of the faith. The Quran, the narations of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the works of classical scholars discuss these symbols in detail, and without understanding them, a complete grasp of Islam becomes difficult, if not impossible.This research paper deals with the sanctity and respect of Shaʿa’ir Allah in Pakistan in its legal and social perspectives. It examines the importance of Islamic symbols, the need for their protection, and the manner in which they are treated within Pakistani society. The study finds that although the public holds deep reverence for these symbols, weaknesses in legal enforcement and the mocking attitudes of certain so-called liberal segments create challenges. The analysis includes constitutional provisions, court rulings, and prevailing social trends. The research concludes that strict laws alone are not enough to safeguard Shaʿa’ir Allah. Social awareness, religious education, and the promotion of mutual respect are equally essential. If the state and society work together to preserve the sanctity of these symbols.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azam, Dr. Muhammad Manzar Ehsan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
کشمیر میں تصوف کا آغازوارتقاء اور اس کےسماجی و ثقافتی اثرات
This research article provides a comprehensive study of the arrival, evolution, and profound social, cultural, educational, and political impact of Sufism in the Kashmir Valley. It highlights that Islam and Sufism entered Kashmir not through conquest or force but via peaceful spiritual missions led by notable Sufi saints. The article systematically presents the theological foundations of Sufism, its Quranic and Hadith-based origins, and the historical roles of major Sufi orders as well as the indigenous Rishi order, emphasizing that Sufism is a spiritual dimension of Islam rather than a separate faith. The study illustrates how the Sufi saints actively engaged in social reforms by opposing caste discrimination, oppressive customs, and practices such as alcohol consumption and gambling, promoting justice, equality, tolerance, brotherhood, and humanity instead. They not only fostered religious and spiritual education but also contributed significantly to the economic development and cultural enrichment of the region. The research further acknowledges the emphasis placed on women's religious education, contributing to a relatively balanced social structure, though it also notes deviations in later periods when certain un-Islamic practices gained prominence within Sufi traditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fazil Gulzar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
خاندان نبوت کے متعلق مستشرقین کے اشکالات کا علمی محاسبہ( ضیاءالنبیؐ از پیرمحمدکرم شاہ ؒ کا خصوصی مطالعہ)
Since the beginning of Islam, the Jews and Christians have been plotting against the Quran and Sunnah. They have been preventing people from being nourished by this fountain of purity. They have been showering slander on his bright and virtuous character. Their aim was to turn people away from the religion of Islam. In the modern eta, oriantalists and enimies of Islam have started making fabricated objections and false accusations against the noble character of the benefactor of humanity, Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH), his family, and his relitives. Sometimes they seek to diminish the glory of his ancestors, prophet Ibrahim and and Ismail (PBUH), sometimes they doubt his Arab descent, and sometimes they deny the leadership, greatness, and majesty, the Quraysh and Banu Hashim. Sometimes they attribute oppression, terrorism, lust for wealth and power, poverty and bankruptcy to the Prophet (PBUH), and sometimes they attribute poverty and hardship to the wealthy companions of the Prophet (PBUH), and the attribute wealth, and leadership to the poor infidels and polytheists. This article will mention the doubts and objections raised by Oriantalists against the personality, family, close relatives, and companions of the Prophet (PBUH), and then they will be examined in a research and critical manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Hafiz Javed Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
عصر حاضر میں متنوع مخاطبین کے لیے دعوتی حکمت عملی
Dawah i.e. preaching of Islam is one of the collective obligations upon Muslims. To convey the message of Allah to humanity Muslims have always been engaged in Dawah activities with different strategies which mainly depended on the situation of the audience. Quran and Hadith draw guidelines for Dawah workers, one of them is to take care audience's physical and mental situation. Without a caring audience, Dawah's process could not achieve its objectives. The prospect has been changed about Dawah and this paper deals with Dawah strategies by focusing on multiple audiences of Dawah. This paper will provide guidelines for dawah workers of modern times with special reference to audiences with multiple prospects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abzahir Khan, Muhammad Ayyub (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
منکرین حدیث اور مستشرقین کے مشترکہ نظریات-تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Issues regarding rejection of Hadith literature as a source of Shariah was found in second century of hijri when Khawarij and Mutazili raised questions on the authenticity of Hadith. Scholar of hadith responed the questions about authenticity of hadith. After that Muslims unanimously accepted Hadith as a primary source of Shariah and moral teaching of Islam. In 19th and 20th century with the advent of colonialism and under the umbrella of Orientalists the issues again raised abouth the authenticity of Hadith by some muslim scholars of subcontinent. This article mainly focus on commonalities between Orientalists approach and Muslim deniers of Hadith, with special reference to Joseph Schacht and Ghulam Ahmad Pervez.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Asma Aziz, Farwa Tariq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
تکافل کا وکالۃ ماڈل: فقہی آراء کا تقابلی مطالعہ
In the present age of technology where the humans have overcome most of the things at the same time these modern inventions have rendered people prone to dangers of life and wealth thereby increasing the danger of accidents manifolds. Consicovencly every individual seems to be concerned for protection of life and wealth. Thus, in order to overcome these life and wealth threats several procedures have been in practice and among these Insurance is the one adopted as a procedure for financial compensation. Whereas due to its evident need throughout the community the renowned Muslim Scholars of the world consented to formulate a Shariah compliant alternative during the decade from 1960 to 1970. This alternative would fetch the same results as of the conventional insurance would without any Shariah complication/deficiency. Hence, in view of achieving this objective various seminars and discussions were held. After intensive and careful contemplation at last the Muslim Scholars came up with the admissible form of insurance called, “Takaful” as a permitted alternate for the Muslim World. As a result of the efforts of these Muslim Scholars more than 300 “Takaful Companies” under different takaful models are operating.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fawad Ali, Dr. Mufti Muhammad Wasi Fasih Butt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
اسلامی کریڈٹ کارڈ کے تورق ماڈل کا فقہی جائزہ
Islamic finance has gained prominence in the global finance landscape as an alternative to conventional banking systems. The emergence of Islamic finance has led to the development of financial products designed to adhere to sharī‘ah principles and one such product is the Islamic credit card. Recently few Islamic banks especially in Malaysia produced Islamic credit card based on Tawarruq model the same has adopted by Faysal Islamic bank in Pakistan. The paper presents a jurisprudential analysis of Islamic credit cards, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their legal and ethical foundations. This study discusses the fundamental concepts of Islamic credit cards, including the prohibition of conventional credit cards and introduction of Tawarruq and it’s models for credit crads. It investigates the two basic models of Tawarruq used by Islamic credit cards providers to ensure compliance with sharī‘ah. This analysis seeks to contribute in the field of Islamic finance by providing a history of credit cards, operational aspects and regularity implications. In conclusion, this study aims to promote a deeper understanding of their role in facilitating financial transactions in accordance with sharī‘ah compliance, ultimately serving as a valuable resource for scholars and policymakers in the field of Islamic finance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shaad Muhammad, Muhammad Atif Aslam Rao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Islamic law of war sought to humanize armed conflict by protecting the lives of non-combatants, respecting the dignity of enemy combatants, and forbidding damage to an adversary’s property except when absolutely required by military necessity or when it happens unintentionally, as collateral damage. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) led wars in His life and practiced these rules. War ethics like other body of law are derived from Qur’an and Sunnah which are ultimate sources of law in Islamic tradition. The basic idea working behind war laws in Islam is the protection of human life. This article describes war ethics in Islamic tradition particularly in the light of Seerat-un-Nabi and on other hand deals with international humanitarian laws regarding war. Studying the points of correspondence between Islamic law and modern international humanitarian law is not a matter of intellectual luxury; it is of strategic importance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Hafiz Abdul Rasheed, Dr. Habib ur Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ACT OF FINANCIAL CORRUPTION & ITS IMPACTS ON PAKISTANI SOCIETY: AN ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO QURANIC TEACHINGS
Corruption is one of the social challenges faced by societies and has become an international issue for states. Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, it erodes trust, weakens democracy, hampers economic development and further exacerbates inequality, poverty, social division, and the environmental crisis. Public management is always in pursuit of corruption control with techniques developed by different political and financial systems. Pakistani society is associated with Islamic ethical teachings and these teachings have scope to maintain financial justice through control of corruption. This article mainly addresses the act of financial corruption and its impacts on Pakistani society and provides ethical guidelines in the light of Quran and Sunnah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Asim Naeem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
اسلامی تہذیب کے حوالے سے سید ابوالاعلیٰ مودودی ؒ کی فکر کا جائزہ
In his critique to western thought, Maudoodi called for revival of Islamic civilization. He scholarly proved that Islamic civilization is neither related to any region nor race but it is purely based on ideology of Islam having its own complete system of life. This article mainly covers Maudoodi’s thought of islamic civilization in relation to theory of clash of civilization. Maudoodi’s thought widely criticized for his extremist tendencies and considered as denial of co-existance of world civilizations. It has been attempted to evaluate dimensions of criticism on Moudoodi’s thought.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Razzaq Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
عصر ِ حاضر میں دعوت کے لیے نمونہ عمل حضرت یوسف علیہ السلام کے اسوہ کی روشنی میں
Preaching is an act that is obligatory for the Muslim ummah collectively. However, the fulfilment of this duty is a diverse and multi-faceted program. The methods of preaching vary according to the socio-cultural traditions of places and nations. Qurā’n guides us in this regard and provides us precedents that how to spread the message in diverse and different environment. This article focuses on the preaching method of the Prophet Yūsuf as a model in the light of Qurā’n. This model guides the preachers who face difficult situation and different environment. This model told us that even at the time of extreme difficulties one can succeed in spreading the message of Allah. This article describes that with faith and trust in God, the slavery turned to dominance. This paper also focuses on the principles derived from the methods of preaching of the Prophet Yūsuf as recorded in the Qurā’n. It also analyzes that how the above-mentioned methods of preaching can be fruitful in contemporary period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Faridah Yousaf, Dr. Nasim Akhtar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
اردو شاعری میں مساجد کا تذکرہ: جگن ناتھ آزاد اور خاور جیلانی کے خصوصی حوالے سے
A mosque occupies central position in muslim society regarding development of ethics and morality. Mosques are source of identification for the Muslims. Mosques have been used as worship plece along with schooling, court and as a centre of cultural activities. The poets of Urdu language have also reflected on the topic of mosque. In this article the researcher has reviewed the poems of Jagan Nath Azad and Khawar Jelani where Jamia Masjid Dehli has mentioned specifically."Jamia Masjid ki Dehli" and "Dehli ki Jamia Masjid" are poems of Jagan Nath Azad and Khawar Jilani respectively. Both poets present two different narratives in terms of subject, style. The poem of Jagan Nath Azad is in the six lined stanza appearance and more in proximity in style with Allama Iqbla’s poem “Masjid-e-Qartaba”. According to Jagan Nath Azad, a world of thought is hidden in the each brick of Jamia Masjid of Dehli and this mosque is the custodian of all religious and social activities of Muslims. Reading Khawar Jilani’s poem “Dehli ki Jamia Masjid” one feels the pages of past turning. In the reign of Auranzaib Alamgir, Sarmad was captured and killed here in front of the mosque. The sole thought of the poem is related with Sarmad’s entity. A contrastive study has been conducted in this paper.
Mosques as a Centre of human integration
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Sadaf Naqvi, Dr. Muhammad Amjad Abid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
امام شاطبی کے بدعت کے موقف کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
The Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) guide Muslims how to live and interact with each other in all spheres of life. Both dogma and practices are completed described. Muslims are advised to follow the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. Therefore, the ideas or practices which are contrary to the Prophetic traditions are prohibited. The matters which are not in the tradition are bidah (innovations) and not recommended for practice. According to the lexical meaning, every new work whether it is good or bad, righteous or corrupt is said to be innovation. For this reason, the Islamic scholars have divided innovation. That’s why without any discrimination innovation is considered as one unit and every new work that is invented after the era of the Prophet Muhammad and His followers, is not declared in disgrace, haram and misguidance. Imam Shatibi is one of the scholars who evaluated the concept of Bidah and elaborated its various forms and levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahid Khan, Dr. Manzoor Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
مسلم ریاست میں غیر مسلموں کو ملازمت کی آزادی: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Islam has taught to maintain good relations with non-Muslims and pay their payments irrespective of differences of faith. The real thing in relations with non-Muslims is peace, not war. The Qur'an says that no one can force anyone to accept Islam. One issue is whether non- Muslims will have the right to a key position or jobs in a Muslim state. Those who consider Islam to be a religion revealed by God Almighty can only run a Muslim state sincerely. On the contrary, those who do not believe in Islamic teaching and don’t consider it a religion revealed by God will not correctly run a Muslim state. Therefore, they are not suitable for its key positions. This paper argues that apart from the key positions, there is equal opportunities must be granted to the non-Muslims for employment and it is responsibility of a Muslim State to create freedom to work for non-Muslims
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Munazza Hayat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
اسلامی بنکاری میں رائج خیراتی فنڈکا تحقیقی مطالعہ
Islamic teachings encourage Muslims to provide loans to a needy person. The Qur’an and the Sunnah have prohibited the lender from charging the borrower any additional amount. It is suggested by Islamic banks that the client, when entering into a Murabahah transaction, should undertake that in case he defaults in payment at the due date, he will pay a specified amount to a charitable fund maintained by the bank. It must be ensured that no part of this amount shall form part of the income of the bank. However, the bank may establish a charitable fund for this purpose and all amounts credited therein shall be exclusively used for purely charitable purpose approved by the Shariah. The bank may also advance interest-free loans to the needy persons from this charitable fund. It is explicitly stated that there is no concept of penalty in Islam in financial arrangements/ commitments but as per the need in Islamic financial sector it is mandatory to fix a certain penalty to discourage the malpractices of delay in payments or willful defaults by the clients. The real solution to this problem is to develop a system where the defaulters are duly punished by depriving them from enjoying a financial facility in future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muzamal Husnain, Prof. Dr. Daeed ur Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
قو ل شاذ پر فتوی کے اصول اور معاصر مالیاتی مسائل میں ان کا تطبیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ
Muslim jurists have been deriving [the answers of] every type of new issues on the basis of their own independent legal judgment, in the light of the permanent and eternal principles of the Quran and Sunnah. For such issues, i.e. the ones that are based on independent judgment, it is natural that there be difference of opinion between the jurists, and we find instances even during the period of the Prophet ﷺ and his companion. Now the question is, when the jurists dissent, which legal opinion should be taken to act upon it? This question definitely exists for the common person, but it is for the Muftis that it is most imperative today, that due to some change in circumstances, or to remove some difficulty, in the issues in which there are differences of opinion, which legal opinion should be chosen? In this regard, the jurists have written with much detail. Over here the only question that we are examining is that, if the majority of legists (fuqaha') have consensus on a certain issue, and there are one or a few legists with a different opinion, can Muftis, in order to remove some difficulties or other juristic precepts issue a legal statement (fatwa) based on that singular opinion? What are the rules and regulations in this regard? What are the opinions of earlier and later scholars? In which scenarios is it permissible to issue legal statement (fatwa) based on singular opinion(s), and in which scenarios is it impermissible?
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Abdul Razzaq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERPRETATION OF LAWS ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC INJUNCTIONS: A STATUTORY OBLIGATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAMILY LAW
Pakistan is a state created in the name of Islam. Since independence, a struggle started for Islamization of laws. Attempts were made by the Parliament, and several provisions were inserted in the constitutions as well as other laws to bring them in conformity with Islamic injunctions. However, multi-cultural societal norms and earlier colonialism were the main challenges in this regard. Until the 1980s, the main source of any Islamic law was the Parliament but thereafter many scholars have noted that the Federal Shariat Court became the primary source for Islamization of law and in absence of any political leadership or societal consensus, the actual determinant for the Islamization of laws in Pakistan are the courts. Various Islamic provisions have been inserted in the Constitution and other laws including Articles 2-A and 227 of the Constitution, but all of them cannot be declared Islamic, unless they are interpreted by the courts in accordance with Islamic injunctions. On the hand, provisions declared against the injunctions of Islam can also be interpreted in the light of Islamic injunctions. Article 227 of the Constitution impliedly and Section 4 of the Enforcement of Shari’ah Act, 1991 expressly cast a duty on courts to take the judicial notice of the provisions of laws and interpret them in accordance with Islamic law. The matter also came before the Apex Court of Pakistan in Hakim Khan etc. v Government of Pakistan etc. (PLD 1992 SC 559), wherein it was held that any question regarding any provision of the Constitution being against the injunctions of Islam shall be referred to the Parliament, which is the sole authority to bring it in conformity with the injunctions of Islam. According to Prof. Imran Ahsan Khan Niyazee, the matter could have been solved easily if it was interpreted in accordance with the injunctions of Islam by declaring that Article 45 is not applicable in Qisas. Therefore, interpretation of any law by the courts is very important and this paper attempts to highlight the need, scope, mode and problems of interpretation of laws in accordance with Islamic injunctions with special reference to family laws.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Maria (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONTEMPT OF COURT IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC INJUNCTIONS
Courts are an integral part of justice system in a state, where the sanctity attached to the verdicts of these must be given deference. This is crucial for smooth process and functioning of courts in a state. The concept of ‘contempt of court’ has been discussed and viewed by scholars in various backgrounds and perspectives. This article looks into the contempt of court in the prism of Islamic injunctions. It covers theoretical basis provided under the primary sources of Sharia and also sheds light on practical applicability of this fundamental necessity warranted by the holy Quran and Sunnah. Since Pakistan is an Islamic state whose legal framework is required to be in consonance with the injunctions of Islam, it warrants legal framework on the sanctity of courts in Pakistan to pass the litmus test of Islamic basis. Tendency of contempt of courts and their verdicts in Pakistan like other Muslim developing states is an issue which is required to be examined in the light of the Quran and Sunnah. This research would urge policy makers, law makers and academics to find a constitutional basis for an effective legislation on contempt of court in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Aamir Abbas, Dr. Samza Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his family, is known for his rhetoric used in his sermons. Some of his sermons were short while the others are extended. The Prophet's sermons are consisted upon various topics in which he exhorts people to think about the universe, it’s Creator. He also addresses their social and moral problems and guides the audience regarding intellectual, theological and ideological discussions in a simplistic style. The common denominator that distinguishes these short and long speeches is the power of their influence in the hearts of listeners. The speeches of the Prophet Muhammad - may Allah bless him- are unique due to the usage of excellent proper usage of literary words. This paper highlights the characteristics of his speeches and literary value of his sermons in Arabic Language.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fayaz, M. Zakariya, Prof. Dr. Hafiz Abdul Rahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
أقسام الالتفات وأغراضہ البلاغیة فی ضوء امثلۃ قرآنیۃ
The present research aims at making out the term Al-Iltifat (digression or reference switching) found in the Holy Quran and coming out with a general scheme and purpose of Iltifat employed in the Holy Book. This study provides an account of the meaning of Iltifat from the Arab rhetoricians and subsequently the status of Iltifat as one of the rhetorical tropes. It has explored different aspects of Iltifat and its related features and highlighted new signification of Iltifat. An attempt has been made to introduce a new approach in looking at the Iltifat phenomenon by quoting some Quranic verses to demonstrate the application of this term from a new perspective. In the quoted verses a large number of instances of Iltifat have been traced, from which their general patterns are explained together with their significations. In the end, a summary of the important points is provided to point out that consideration of an instance of Iltifat in relation to other instances either in the particular verses where they occur or in the Quran as a whole, gives a more meaningful picture of its significance than that which comes out of the consideration of a solitary example within the confines of its immediate context. This research has shown that there is an extensive and complex use of this unique rhetoric style, Iltifat in the holy Quran. The instances of Iltifat in the Quran when construed provide a base for an overall understanding of each verse. It seems to have evolved a particular theme or function that is the essence of the Quran. It also shows that the occurrence of Iltifat in the Quran follows certain patterns that are related to the intended significations at the various locations where they appear in the Holy Quran. The findings of this study will hopefully pave the way for more investigations into rhetorical style in the holy Quran in general and Iltifat in particular.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hasham, Dr. Shafqatullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HINDUSTAN MAIN MUSALMANUN KA NIZAM-E TALEEM(MUSLIM EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA)
(MUSLIM EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA)
HINDUSTAN MAIN MUSALMANUN KA NIZAM-E TALEEM
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghulam Shams ur Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ROLE OF SUFIS IN THE FORMATION OF PAKISTAN: A STUDY OF PIR MEHER ALI SHAH AND PIR OF MANKI SHARIF
During the Indian freedom movement, three communities— the Hindus, Muslims and the British Government— were confronted with each other. This ideological as well as realpolitik battle was fought in whole Indian subcontinent. It is ironical that the Muslim community was divided into two schools of thought as far as their response of nationalism was concerned. Some were the proponent of the concept of Indian nationalism and were struggling for India to remain united. While the other strand among the Muslims were the strong supporters of Muslim nationalism and were in the favor of creation of a separate state for the Muslim majority areas culminating in the shape of Pakistan. It was this time when religious and political leadership was struggling for the protection of the rights of Muslim community. These rights were political as well as religious. This article aims at signifying the role of religious leadership especially Sufis or Sajjada Nashins in the freedom movement and the creation of Pakistan. This contribution of Sajjada Nashins was being played at three levels: their personal appeal, their Sufi institutional support and their engagement with the leading Muslim political party i.e. All India Muslim League. This effort has been made to analyze the services of two leading Sufi personalities, Pir Meher Ali Shah and the Pir of Manki Sharif, to highlight their contribution for Muslim community and the creation of Pakistan. The study is exploratory, descriptive and analytical.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Qadir Mushtaq, Fariha Sohail, Zil-Huma Rafique (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE LEGAL STATUS OF BITCOIN IN THE SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE
Money is the basic need and primary tool for human to fulfill their needs. It has been used as a medium of exchange in all over the world. Money has a very rich evolutionary history. Its journey starts from barter system and has reached to the digital shape known as Crypto currencies. Crypto currency is not only considered a big revolution in the history of currency but it also affected the Fintech as well. Bitcoin is the first crypto currency which was generated in 2009. Its legal monetary position is controversial as some countries accept it as a currency while other refused it as legal currency. Technical opinions have been given by the experts and the pros and cons have been explored from all around the globe. The established research regarding Shariah legitimacy of Bitcoin is much little. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of this research is an attempt to fill this gap by exploring the Shariah legitimacy of Bitcoin under the interpretation of indigenous Shariah scholars. The overall approach of the study is qualitative in nature while Phenomenology is adopted as a research strategy. The scope of the study is limited to the experiential views of Pakistani Shariah scholars, located in Peshawar the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan. The research concluded that Bitcoin is not impermissible due to some legal issues attached to it. However, Shariah has not recommended any features nor has defined any characteristics for money. Also, it is not compulsory for currency to be physical. It could be physical as well as digital. The de-centralization and non-regulatory system of Bitcoin violates the rule “preservation of wealth” which is one of the prime objectives of Shariah. It could be declared dislike or non-desirable at most. It is recommended that the status of Bitcoin should be placed in front of international Islamic Fiqh Academy for its universal legetimize status.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aziz, Zohra Jabeen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRUELTY A GROUND FOR DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHARIAH LAW AND COURT’S PRACTICES
Islām being a religion of peace directs the Muslims in all the sphere of life by enjoining kindness and warns any hasty judgment. In Family matters dissolution of marriage is allowed when the differences and aversion arises between the spouses and the relation becomes unbearable and unendurable. Cruelty no matter mentally or physically provides a ground of separation to a Muslim wife. In Pakistan, the case law shows that in court a wife is demanded to provide satisfactory evidence to prove the claim of cruelty, failure of which the suit for dissolution of marriage will be set aside. This has caused difficulty to the wife, as it is practically hard to fulfill this requirement. The research also argues that the view prescribed in the Qurʼānic verses “retain them honorable or set them free kindly” (Al-Baqarah-231) is a general and absolute principle, within that framework and rule the rights of woman can be read and should be observed. This research answered several crucial questions such as what is the concept of cruelty in Islamic law and what is the court’s ruling to address it? Does a Muslim woman is given a right of dissolution on ground of Cruelty or can a court grant such dissolution on the request of wife? The descriptive as well as analytical research methods have been utilized to explore different areas and to analyze the Islamic law and the legal rulings in Pakistan regarding the cruelty. The methodology of case study is applied and 15 decided cases have been selected to analyze the cruelty as a ground of separation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Shehla Riaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sociologists’ ideas about the causes and consequences of religion are scattered in a variety of studies, each of which focuses on a particular development in the relation of religion to social systems. The resulting literature thus generates a number of claims that appear to be competing and sometimes contradictory. This article mainly focuses on three major schools of thought within sociology and ideas presented by western sociologists about the social role of religion. The study reveals that, despite of their academic contribution in the field, the assumptions made by western sociologists and methods applied to the study of religion are facing serious academic challenges. They are partial and limited in their findings, particularly in their studies on Islam and Muslim societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zia ur Rehman Zia, Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Gondal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0